这也是张爱玲的写作和鲁迅的写作之间的重要区别。张爱玲对世俗生活细节的偏爱（她说，“我喜欢听市声”，如她喜欢听胡琴的声音，“远兜远转，依然回到人间”），以及她对苍茫人生的个人叹息（她说，“这世上没有一样感情不是千疮百孔的”，“短的是生命，长的是磨难”），这些，可以看作是她的闺房写作的经典意象，她确实是一个能在细微处发现奇迹的出色作家。但比起张爱玲来，鲁迅所看到的世界，显然要宽阔、深透得多。尤其是在《野草》里，鲁迅把人放逐在存在的荒原，让人在天地间思考、行动、追问，即便知道前面可能没有路，也不愿停下进发的步伐——这样一个存在的勘探者的姿态，正是旷野写作的核心意象。２０世纪的中国文学一直以鲁迅为顶峰，而非由张爱玲来代表，我想大家所推崇的正是鲁迅身上这种宽广和重量。

从细小到精致，终归是不如从宽阔到沉重。关于这点，王安忆有一段精到的论述，她说：“张爱玲的人生观是走在了两个极端之上，一头是现时现刻中的具体可感，另一头则是人生奈何的虚无。在此之间，其实还有着漫长的过程，就是现实的理想与争取。而张爱玲就如那骑车在菜场脏地上的小孩，‘放松了扶手，摇摆着，轻倩地掠过’。这一‘掠过’，自然是轻松的了。当她略一眺望到人生的虚无，便回缩到俗世之中，而终于放过了人生的更宽阔和深厚的蕴含。从俗世的细致描绘，直接跳入一个苍茫的结论，到底是简单了。于是，很容易地，又回落到了低俗无聊之中。所以，我更加尊敬现实主义的鲁迅，因他是从现实的步骤上，结结实实地走来，也有了勇敢。就如那个‘过客’，一直向前走，并不知道要到哪里去，并不知道前边是什么。孩子说是鲜花，老人说是坟墓，可他依然要向前去看个明白，带着孩子给他裹伤的布片、人世的好意，走向不知名的前面。”

 

----from 谢有顺 《从密室到旷野》
 

Where’s the Trauma and the Grief?




Article Tools Sponsored By
By DAVID BROOKS
Published: August 14, 2008

Dujiangyan, China

Three months ago, an earthquake struck China’s Sichuan Province, killing nearly 70,000 people. Xian Tianquan was at home with his wife in the village of Pengshua at the time. They made a dash to get outside. Xian’s wife was just ahead of him, crossing the threshold of their house when the frame collapsed. She was killed instantly.

The village was cut off from outside help for three days. Xian took his wife’s body and carried it up to the hills, where he buried her.

This week, he sat on the spot of her death, telling the story with a matter-of-fact, almost cheerful air. A small group of villagers was hanging around, and the interview, outside under a tarp, was a communal affair. The villagers joked with each other and smiled frequently in a manner I found hard to fathom as they described the horrible events from May.

I asked Xian if he had thought about leaving the village after what had happened. The idea had never crossed his mind, he said. Many families lost people (a nearby kindergarten building collapsed), and if the healthy left, who would look after the young ones and the elders?

Members of the village now share cooking duties and help each other with everything.

I asked if people in the village have suffered any psychological aftershocks from the trauma. Another villager, Tan Fubian, piped up and said that they just try not to think about it. Then I asked about the reconstruction.

To my eyes, this part of the region looks forlorn. Houses and stores have been reduced to empty shells. Piles of rubble line the streets. In one town, an elderly man stood atop some concrete stairs laboriously swinging a hammer in an attempt to destroy them. There’s little construction equipment in the residential areas.

Tan pointed out that the government had established priorities. Public buildings like hospitals, schools and government offices would be rebuilt first. Private houses after that.

I asked if the villagers were watching the Olympics, and wondered if the lavish spending on the Games could better be used to address their own needs. “Our problems are temporary,” one villager responded. “The Olympics are for the national community.” Last Friday, the whole village had gathered (just by the spot where Xian’s wife had died) to have a feast and watch the opening ceremony.

We’d visited the village without warning and selected our interview subjects at random, but some of the answers were probably crafted to please the government. Still, there was no disguising the emotional resilience and intense mutual support in that village. And there was no avoiding the baffling sense of equanimity. Where was the trauma and grief?

The next day we approached Qi Chengbin, a retired food vendor in the city of Dujiangyan. Qi was working in the garden outside his six-story apartment building when the quake hit. His only child, an 18-year-old son, was taking a nap inside when the entire building collapsed on top of him.

Qi never saw his son or any of his possessions again. His own wounds were treated and his son’s body was cremated by the military. Qi says he hopes to have a funeral for the boy, but he hasn’t had a chance to organize it.

When I asked about the psychological effects of such a shock, Qi emphasized the positive. The government had provided free medical care. Within nine days, he had been resettled in a one-room apartment in a temporary housing camp. He’d lived through China’s dark days, and this apartment was nicer than any place he’d lived in the 1960s.

Moreover, the government had given him everything he now owns. “The government wants us to look on the positive side,” he said.

There were no pictures of his dead son around, but from under his bed he pulled a photo album that had been at his mother-in-law’s at the time of the quake. I thought he would betray some emotion as he passed around photos of his handsome, scholarly looking boy. There was nothing. He kept speaking in that pragmatic tone, just as Xian had done. Qi’s wife added that she was very satisfied with all that had been done for them.

These were weird, unnerving interviews, and I don’t pretend to understand what’s going on in the minds of people who have suffered such blows and remained so optimistic. All I can imagine is that the history of this province has given these people a stripped-down, pragmatic mentality: Move on or go crazy. Don’t dwell. Look to the positive. Fix what needs fixing. Work together.

I don’t know if it’s emotionally sustainable or even healthy, but it raises at least one interesting question. When you compare these people to the emotional Sturm und Drang over lesser things on reality TV, you do wonder if we Americans are a nation of whiners.

我讨厌法国，彻底的讨厌了。

我更讨厌佩雷拉，好好的巴西去打什么防守反击，一到前场就传高球，整场被压着打。

一直像后25分钟那样对攻，你怕法国那群老头子干什么啊

 

是放不下那种矜持吗，还是不屑于，还是没有那种习惯啊，为什么不紧盯Zidane啊！巴西一个人在前场基本上是三个人上来围住啊

 

不想谈这场比赛了，罗纳尔多啊，你甘心吗，这样再一次倒在法国，倒在那秃子的脚下？02年你从伤痛中奋起，在铺天盖地的怀疑声中一路过关斩将，你的笑容——那种纯粹的喜悦，我真的很喜欢很喜欢。我喜欢你进球后那纯粹的喜悦，我喜欢你坚韧的从伤痛中站起来的经历，一切一切都这么符合我的美感啊。而4年后，为什么，为什么又一次是法国呢？你会带着遗憾的啊，永远带着遗憾的啊

 

而我也是啊，为你遗憾。

 

 

澳大利亚的胃育蛙曾被看作是制作胃溃疡药物的关键，因为这种动物能停止胃酸分泌然后在胃中孵卵。然而胃育蛙逐步灭绝了，也带走了它的秘密。

                         ----------------路透社10月25日伦敦电

前不久，文化多样性公约在巴黎以压倒性票数获得通过.........

北极圈内居住着估计400万人口，其中15万是因纽特人，这些土著人在这片冰雪覆盖的土地上狩猎、捕鱼和生活了几个世纪。

一场新的、突如其来的灾难性征服运动就像北极解冻那样逼近眼前，而因纽特人和北极熊的“古老权利”在这片土地下面可能蕴含的庞大资源面前显得那么脆弱。

                                --------------墨西哥《纪事报》10月17日文章

不需要让青少年有判断力和批判力。只要给他们汽车、摩托车、美丽的明星、刺激的音乐、流行的服饰，以及对同伴的竞争意识就行了。剥夺青少年的思考力，根植他们服从指导者命令的服从心才是上策。

　　让他们对批判国家、社会和指导者抱持着一种动物般原始的憎恶。让他们深信那是少数派和异端者的罪恶。让他们都有同样的想法。让他们认为想法和大家不同的人就是国家的敌人……

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　——阿道夫·希特勒

这个图示的意义是一个人面向左方、俯跪在地，在日文中原本的意义是“失意体前屈”，o代表这个人的头、r代表手以及身体，z代表的是脚。人们在网络上，例如在电子邮件、IRC聊天室以及即时通讯软件中广泛使用这个符号，表现他们失意或沮丧的心情。而通常来说，这个符号在口语中是被拼出的、而非念成一个英文单字。

另外，Orz亦可混合表示无可奈何的“囧”成为“囧rz”。

Orz随著使用的广泛，其涵意逐渐增加，除了无可奈何或失意之外，开始引申为正面的对人“拜服”“钦佩”的意思。另外，也有较反面的“拜托！”“被你打败了！”“真受不了你！”这类意思的用法。(zz from Wiki)

 

ps:见相册附图